2025 South Korean presidential election
 | This article may be affected by the following current event: Impeachment of Yoon Suk Yeol. Information in this article may change rapidly as the event progresses. Initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (April 2025) |
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An early presidential election will be held in South Korea no later than 3 June 2025. Originally scheduled for 3 March 2027, the election was pushed forward to occur on or before 3 June 2025 following the impeachment and removal of Yoon Suk Yeol.[1][2] The date of 3 June is due to the requirement by the constitution of South Korea for an election to be held within 60 days of a permanent presidential vacancy, which has been the case since the 4 April decision of the Constitutional Court of Korea to uphold the impeachment and remove Yoon from office.
Since democratization and the establishment of the Sixth Republic, this will be the ninth presidential election, the second election after a presidential impeachment, and the first held in a different year than originally scheduled.[3]
Background
[edit]Following the declaration of martial law by President Yoon Suk Yeol on 3 December 2024, the National Assembly voted to impeach him on 14 December 2024, with 204 of 300 lawmakers in support.[1] On 4 April 2025, the Constitutional Court of Korea upheld the impeachment, removing Yoon from office and vacating the presidency. Under the constitution, a presidential election must be held within 60 days to determine Yoon’s permanent successor as the country’s 14th president.[4][5] Acting President Han Duck-soo has until 14 April 2025 to announce the election date.[6]
Electoral system
[edit]The president of South Korea is elected via a single-round plurality voting system, for a term of five years. Incumbent and former presidents are ineligible to seek re-election.[3] Unlike regularly scheduled presidential elections, the winner of this election will take office immediately after the results are confirmed by the National Election Commission, without a two-month transition period as usual.[7]
Nominees
[edit]New Reform Party
[edit]
Potential candidates
[edit]The National Election Commission (NEC) opened preliminary candidate registrations on 4 April 2025, following the confirmation of Yoon's impeachment and removal. Incumbent heads of municipal governments who intend to run for president must resign from their positions by 4 May.[10]
Democratic Party
[edit]
- Lee Jae-myung[11] (Member of the National Assembly)
- Kim Dong-yeon[12] (Governor of Gyeonggi Province)
- Kim Kyoung-soo[13][a] (former Governor of South Gyeongsang Province)
People Power Party
[edit]
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- Han Dong-hoon[15] (former Minister of Justice)
- Oh Se-hoon[16] (Mayor of Seoul)
- Hong Joon-pyo[17] (Mayor of Daegu)
- Yoo Seong-min[18] (former Member of the National Assembly)
- Ahn Cheol-soo[19] (Member of the National Assembly)
- Kim Moon-soo[20] (Minister of Employment and Labor)
New Future Party
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Declined or ineligible to run
[edit].jpg)
- Cho Kuk[22] (former Member of the National Assembly): Cho was sentenced to prison in December 2024, making him ineligible to run for office until December 2031.[23]
Opinion polls
[edit]Polling before nominees finalized
[edit]
| Fieldwork date | Sample size | Margin of error |
Polling firm | DPK | PPP | RKP | NRP | NFP | Others | Und./ no ans. |
Lead | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-3 Apr 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea[24] | 34 | — | — | 5 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 38 | 25 |
| 31 Mar–2 Apr 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | NBS[25][b] | 33 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | 9 | — | 1 | — | 2[c] | 36 | 24 |
| 30–31 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News[26] | 46.6 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 1.5 | — | 1.4 | 17.1 | — | 2.5 | 3.3 | 2.9[d] | 4.5 | 29.5 |
| 28–29 Mar 2025 | 1,006 | ±3.1 | KSOI / CBS[27] | 49.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 8.8 | 6.0 | 8.8 | — | — | 2.2 | 12.9 | — | 2.8 | — | 4.3[e] | 5.4 | 37.0 |
| 26–28 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN[28] | 49.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 1.6 | — | — | 16.3 | — | — | 1.6 | 3.6[f] | 6.1 | 33.2 |
| 25–27 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 34 | — | — | 5 | 3 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 8 | 2 | — | — | 6 | 37 | 26 |
| 24–26 Mar 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 31 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | — | 2 | 8 | — | 1 | — | 2[g] | 34 | 23 |
| 23–24 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 48.3 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 1.5 | — | 2.7 | 16.4 | — | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.9[h] | 3.3 | 31.9 |
| 22–24 Mar 2025 | 2,012 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 46.3 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 7.2 | — | — | — | 16.1 | — | 2.2 | — | 4.1[i] | 8.2 | 30.2 |
| 21–22 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | KSOI / CBS | 44.8 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.8 | — | — | 2.7 | 15.4 | — | 3.3 | — | 4.5[j] | 5.6 | 29.4 |
| 18–20 Mar 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 36 | — | — | 4 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | 9 | — | 1 | — | 5 | 37 | 27 |
| 17–19 Mar 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 33 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | — | 3 | 10 | — | 2 | — | 3[k] | 31 | 23 |
| 16–17 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 44.2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 1.6 | — | 2.3 | 18.3 | — | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.2[l] | 4.0 | 25.9 |
| 15–16 Mar 2025 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 45.1 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 17.3 | — | 0.9 | 1.5 | 5.0[m] | 7.6 | 27.8 |
| 15–16 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | KSOI / CBS | 47.2 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 6.4 | — | — | 1.4 | 16.7 | — | 2.5 | — | 5.5[n] | 6.5 | 30.5 |
| 12–14 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 46.9 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 2.4 | — | — | 18.1 | — | — | 2.2 | 3.6[o] | 6.3 | 27.4 |
| 11–13 Mar 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 34 | — | — | 6 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | 10 | 2 | 1 | — | 6 | 35 | 24 |
| 8–10 Mar 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 42.8 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 6.4 | — | — | — | 19.1 | — | 2.5 | — | 4.5[p] | 6.7 | 25 |
| 4–6 Mar 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 35 | — | — | 6 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | 4 | 34 | 25 |
| 3–5 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 29 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 1 | — | 2 | 10 | — | 1 | — | 2[q] | 34 | 19 |
| 3–4 Mar 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 43.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 18.2 | — | 1.6 | 1.6 | 5.1[r] | 5.7 | 22.3 |
| 28 Feb–1 Mar 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | KSOI / Digital Times | 42.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 6.2 | — | — | 1.6 | 19.7 | — | 1.5 | — | 3.0[s] | 8.2 | 22.3 |
| 28 Feb–1 Mar 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 43.6 | 1.5 | — | 6.4 | 5.1 | 5.3 | — | — | 1.3 | 11.8 | — | 1.2 | — | 3.5[t] | 20.4 | 31.8 |
| 26–28 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview | 42 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 22 | — | 2 | 2 | 4[u] | 4 | 20 |
| 26–28 Feb 2025 | 1,506 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 46.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 2.1 | — | — | 18.9 | — | — | 1.7 | 3.9[v] | 5.5 | 27.4 |
| 25–27 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 35 | — | — | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 10 | — | 1 | — | 4 | 34 | 25 |
| 24–26 Feb 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 31 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | 2 | 13 | — | 1 | — | 2[w] | 30 | 18 |
| 22–24 Feb 2025 | 2,004 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 40.4 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 5.6 | — | 2.4 | — | 20.4 | — | 2.6 | — | 3.1[x] | 8.3 | 20.0 |
| 19–20 Feb 2025 | 1,010 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 43.3 | 2.2 | — | 3.3 | 6.3 | 6.7 | — | — | 1.9 | 12.0 | — | 0.7 | — | 1.9[y] | 21.7 | 31.3 |
| 18–20 Feb 2025 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 34 | — | — | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | — | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | — | 5 | 32 | 25 |
| 17–19 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 31 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 2 | — | 2 | 10 | — | 2 | — | 3[z] | 31 | 21 |
| 13–14 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Realmeter / EKN | 43.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 5.7 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 2.5 | — | — | 18.1 | — | — | 1.4 | 2.6[aa] | 6.7 | 25.2 |
| 11–13 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 34 | 1 | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | — | — | — | 12 | 1 | 1 | — | 5 | 30 | 22.9 |
| 8–10 Feb 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 41.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 9.6 | 5.8 | — | 2.2 | — | 18.7 | — | 2.4 | — | 4.1[ab] | 6.7 | 22.9 |
| 5–6 Feb 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Media Research / Newspim | 41.7 | 2.4 | — | 5.1 | 8.9 | 4.1 | — | 0.7 | 1.7 | 24.2 | — | 1.6 | — | 5.8[ac] | 3.9 | 17.5 |
| 3–5 Feb 2025 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 32 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 1 | — | 2 | 12 | — | 1 | — | 3[ad] | 27 | 20 |
| 1–2 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 41.4 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 20.3 | — | 2.6 | 1.1 | 2.9[ae] | 5.5 | 21.1 |
| 31 Jan–1 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Segye Ilbo | 37 | 1 | — | 5 | 7 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | — | 4 | 26 | 26 |
| 31 Jan–1 Feb 2025 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | KOPRA / Asia Today | 38 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 7 | — | 1 | — | 19 | — | 1 | 2 | 5[af] | 9 | 19 |
| 29–31 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview | 45 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 20 | — | 1 | 1 | 3[ag] | 3 | 25 |
| 27–28 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 36 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 17 | — | 1 | — | 3[ah] | 17 | 19 |
| 24–26 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / KBS | 35 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 14 | — | 1 | — | 6[ai] | 18 | 21 |
| 23–25 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ipsos / SBS | 35 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 15 | — | 2 | — | 4[aj] | 16 | 20 |
| 23–24 Jan 2025 | 1,031 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / JoongAngIlbo | 36 | 4 | — | 8 | 7 | 10 | — | — | — | 16 | — | 1 | — | 4[ak] | 14 | 20 |
| 22–23 Jan 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Embrain Public / YTN | 31 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 2 | — | 2 | 14 | — | 2 | — | 6[al] | 20 | 17 |
| 21–23 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 31 | 1 | — | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 11 | 2 | 1 | — | 5 | 33 | 20 |
| 20–22 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 28 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 2 | — | 3 | 14 | — | 1 | — | 4[am] | 27 | 14 |
| 20–21 Jan 2025 | 1,012 | ±3.1 | Media Research / Newspim | 36.4 | 2.5 | — | 6.4 | 6.7 | 5.7 | — | 2.0 | 2.8 | 24.9 | — | 1.5 | — | 6.9[an] | 4.2 | 11.5 |
| 18–20 Jan 2025 | 2,006 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 37.9 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 12.3 | — | 5.7 | 2.7 | — | — | 2.6 | — | 10.2[ao] | 8.4 | 25.6 |
| 14–16 Jan 2025 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 31 | 1 | — | 6 | 4 | 6 | — | — | — | 7 | 1 | 2 | — | 6 | 36 | 24 |
| 13–15 Jan 2025 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 28 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 2 | — | 2 | 13 | — | 2 | — | 4[ap] | 37 | 15 |
| 7–9 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 32 | 1 | — | 6 | 3 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | — | 6[aq] | 33 | 24 |
| 6–8 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | NBS[b] | 31 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 2 | — | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | 9[ar] | 31 | 24 |
| 6–7 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Media Research / Newspim | 39.1 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 5.8 | 9.5 | 9.3 | — | 6.2 | 2.6 | — | — | 1.5 | — | 14.1[as] | 7.2 | 29.6 |
| 4–6 Jan 2025 | 2,003 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 45.1 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 9.7 | — | 7.2 | 2.2 | — | — | 3.1 | — | 8.0[at] | 7.3 | 35.4 |
| 4–5 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | KOPRA / Newdaily | 40.9 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 8.5 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 2.9 | 7.9 | — | — | — | 3.1 | — | 5.6[au] | 8.3 | 30.6 |
| 3–4 Jan 2025 | 1,015 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 42.8 | 3.0 | — | 5.4 | 5.8 | 8.2 | — | — | 2.3 | — | — | 2.1 | — | 3.8 | 26.7 | 34.6 |
| 29–31 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview | 42 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | 4 | 2 | 9[av] | 10 | 33 |
| 29–31 Dec 2024 | 1,014 | ±3.1 | Next Researach / Maeil Business | 32 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 8 | — | — | 3 | — | — | 3 | — | 9[aw] | 28 | 24 |
| 29–31 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / KBS | 36 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | 9[ax] | 27 | 28 |
| 29–30 Dec 2024 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 40 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | 8[ay] | 22 | 32 |
| 29–30 Dec 2024 | 1,010 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 40.1 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 6.9 | — | 3.1 | 1.6 | 10.0 | — | 3.5 | 1.8 | 7.9[az] | 5.3 | 31.1 |
| 29–30 Dec 2024 | 1,006 | ±3.1 | Embrain Public / JoongAngIlbo | 35 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | — | 2 | 1 | 8[ba] | 22 | 27 |
| 28–29 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Research&Research / Dong-A Ilbo | 39.5 | 4.3 | 0.8 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 3.7 | — | 3.0 | — | — | 2.3 | — | 8.1[bb] | 11.5 | 30.6 |
| 28–29 Dec 2024 | 1,020 | ±3.1 | Metavoice / Kyunghyang Shinmun | 33 | 2 | — | 7 | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8[bc] | 31 | 26 |
| 26–27 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / Korea Times | 35 | 3 | — | 5 | 4 | 7 | — | 3 | 3 | — | — | 2 | — | 10[bd] | 28 | 28 |
| 22–23 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / Hankookilbo | 38 | 2 | — | 7 | 5 | 5 | — | 3 | 3 | — | — | 2 | — | 10[be] | 24 | 31 |
| 17–19 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 37 | — | — | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | — | 6[bf] | 35 | 32 |
| 14–16 Dec 2024 | 2,002 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 48.0 | 5.7 | — | 8.0 | 5.7 | 7.0 | — | 4.8 | 2.8 | — | — | 4.0 | — | 5.9 | 8.1 | 40.0 |
| 9 December 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 49.0 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 9.1 | 6.0 | 5.8 | — | — | 3.3 | — | 6.8 | — | — | 5.6 | 8.6 | 39.9 |
| 7–9 Dec 2024 | 2,002 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 47.3 | 4.1 | — | 12.9 | 5.3 | 4.6 | — | 3.5 | 2.6 | — | 6.9 | 3.3 | — | 2.1 | 7.3 | 34.4 |
| 8 December 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 46.8 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 2.0 | — | 3.3 | — | 7.1 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 3.2[bg] | 8.6 | 39.7 |
| 8 December 2024 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Media Research / Newspim | 52.4 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 6.7 | 4.9 | — | — | — | — | 5.5 | — | — | 6.1 | 7.7 | 42.6 |
| 6–7 Dec 2024 | 1,014 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Kukminilbo | 41 | 2 | — | 9 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | 6 | 2 | — | 6 | 29 | 32 |
| 6–7 Dec 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 42.5 | 2.1 | — | 9.9 | 6.2 | 6.1 | — | — | 1.2 | — | 5.0 | 0.8 | — | 2.3 | 24.0 | 32.6 |
| 3–5 Dec 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 29 | 3 | — | 11 | 3 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | — | 5 | 37 | 18 |
| 4 December 2024 | 1,047 | ±3.0 | Media Research / Newspim | 47.5 | — | — | 13.3 | 4.7 | 5.6 | — | 2.7 | — | — | 6.0 | — | 3.4 | 6.3 | 10.3 | 34.2 |
| 29–30 Nov 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 38.4 | 2.8 | — | 13.1 | 7.1 | 5.6 | — | — | 1.6 | — | 4.4 | 1.5 | — | 1.2 | 24.3 | 25.3 |
| 26–27 Nov 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | KSOI / CBS | 41.3 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 19.3 | 7.0 | 5.8 | — | — | — | — | 6.3 | — | — | 7.3[bh] | 9.0 | 22.0 |
| 23–25 Nov 2024 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 43.8 | 4.8 | — | 17.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | — | 4.2 | 1.2 | — | 5.8 | 3.6 | — | 2.0 | 7.0 | 26.6 |
| 18–19 Nov 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 43.6 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 17.3 | 7.6 | 5.3 | — | — | 2.5 | — | 6.3 | — | — | 4.6 | 7.7 | 26.3 |
| 9-11 Nov 2024 | 2,000 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 46.9 | 4.1 | — | 17.0 | 4.2 | 4.7 | — | 4.0 | 1.8 | — | 5.7 | 3.8 | — | 2.2 | 5.5 | 29.9 |
| 8–9 Nov 2024 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 39.3 | 2.7 | — | 12.7 | 5.4 | 5.4 | — | — | 2.0 | — | 6.0 | 2.3 | — | 2.1 | 22.1 | 26.6 |
| 5-7 Nov 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 29 | 2 | — | 14 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | — | — | 4 | 36 | 15 |
| 4–5 Nov 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 41.0 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 16.7 | 8.5 | 6.3 | — | — | 2.2 | — | 6.6 | — | — | 6.0 | 7.1 | 24.3 |
| 1–2 Nov 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | KSOI / Ohmynews | 37.3 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 15.3 | 7.1 | 5.8 | — | — | — | — | 8.2 | 3.9 | — | 7.0 | 9.7 | 22.0 |
| 26–28 Oct 2024 | 2,000 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 45.0 | 3.2 | — | 18.6 | 5.2 | 4.3 | — | 3.5 | 2.1 | — | 5.6 | 4.8 | — | 1.5 | 6.2 | 26.4 |
| 22 October 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 42.6 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 19.2 | 6.4 | 4.6 | — | — | 2.2 | — | 6.0 | — | — | 5.2 | 8.7 | 23.4 |
| 12–14 Oct 2024 | 2,002 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 43.3 | 4.1 | — | 19.7 | 4.9 | 4.6 | — | 3.6 | 2.1 | — | 6.5 | 4.0 | — | 2.7 | 4.3 | 23.6 |
| 7–8 Oct 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 40.5 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 21.4 | 6.3 | 4.1 | — | — | 1.2 | — | 7.5 | — | — | 5.9 | 8.1 | 19.1 |
| 4–5 Oct 2024 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 35.1 | 2.0 | — | 15.4 | 5.7 | 5.0 | — | — | 2.4 | — | 5.1 | 2.1 | — | 2.1 | 24.9 | 19.7 |
| 28–30 Sep 2024 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 42.8 | 3.1 | — | 20.7 | 5.0 | 4.7 | — | 3.7 | 1.5 | — | 6.0 | 4.4 | — | 2.4 | 5.3 | 22.1 |
| 28–29 Sep 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 41.2 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 19.3 | 2.9 | 3.8 | — | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 7.1 | 4.5 | — | 0.8[bi] | 7.7 | 21.9 |
| 24–26 Sep 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 25 | 2 | — | 15 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | 2 | 4 | 3 | — | 4 | 40 | 10 |
| 23–24 Sep 2024 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 42.0 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 21.1 | 6.5 | 4.6 | — | — | 2.2 | — | 7.3 | — | — | 5.7 | 7.2 | 20.9 |
| 11–12 Sep 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 29 | 2 | 1 | 18 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | — | 5 | 3 | — | 4[bj] | 22 | 11 |
| 10–12 Sep 2024 | 2,004 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 44.5 | 2.9 | — | 22.0 | 4.7 | 3.2 | — | 3.6 | 1.3 | — | 6.3 | 4.4 | — | 2.0 | 5.0 | 22.5 |
| 10 September 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 42.4 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 20.7 | 7.1 | 5.0 | — | — | 2.3 | — | 6.6 | — | — | 4.4 | 7.5 | 21.7 |
| 3–5 Sep 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 26 | 1 | — | 14 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | — | 3 | 40 | 12 |
| 31 Aug-2 Sep 2024 | 2,003 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 42.1 | 3.1 | — | 20.9 | 3.7 | 3.3 | — | 4.1 | 1.5 | — | 6.2 | 5.9 | — | 2.2 | 7.0 | 21.2 |
| 26–27 Aug 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 40.7 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 24.2 | 7.3 | 3.9 | — | — | 1.6 | — | 6.0 | — | — | 5.3 | 7.8 | 16.5 |
| 20–21 Aug 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | KOPRA / Kihoilbo | 39.4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 25.2 | 4.7 | 3.5 | — | 3.4 | — | — | 6.3 | 4.6 | — | 1.0[bk] | 8.0 | 14.2 |
| 17–19 Aug 2024 | 2,006 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 43.2 | 3.0 | — | 25.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | — | 3.2 | 1.6 | — | 4.7 | 4.7 | — | 2.3 | 4.7 | 17.6 |
| 12–13 Aug 2024 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Media Tomato / News Tomato | 43.9 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 26.1 | 6.0 | 3.8 | — | — | — | — | 6.5 | 3.3 | — | 3.8 | 3.1 | 17.8 |
| 12–13 Aug 2024 | 1,006 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 28.5 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 19.8 | 7.4 | 6.2 | — | — | 3.3 | — | 8.7 | — | — | 8.7 | 7.1 | 8.7 |
| 9–10 Aug 2024 | 1,009 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 36.1 | 1.9 | — | 17.9 | 5.2 | 4.7 | — | — | 1.7 | — | 5.1 | 3.1 | — | 1.1 | 23.3 | 18.2 |
| 3–5 Aug 2024 | 2,002 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 39.0 | 3.1 | — | 27.8 | 3.4 | 4.1 | — | 3.9 | 2.1 | — | 5.4 | 5.5 | — | 1.1 | 4.6 | 11.2 |
| 29–30 Jul 2024 | 1,009 | ±3.1 | Media Tomato / News Tomato | 42.7 | — | — | 33.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.5 | 4.4 | — | 8.1 | 3.9 | 9.3 |
| 29–30 Jul 2024 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 37.9 | 3.1 | — | 29.5 | 5.0 | 4.1 | — | — | 1.6 | — | 6.8 | 3.8 | — | 3.3 | 4.9 | 8.4 |
| 23–25 Jul 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 22 | — | — | 19 | 2 | 3 | — | 3 | 1 | — | 5 | 3 | — | 4 | 38 | 3 |
| 20–22 Jul 2024 | 4,029 | ±1.5 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 38.5 | 2.9 | — | 26.9 | 5.0 | 3.2 | — | 5.8 | 1.4 | — | 6.1 | 5.1 | — | 1.3 | 3.8 | 11.6 |
| 7–8 Jul 2024 | 2,003 | ±2.2 | Embrain Public / YTN | 27 | 1 | — | 17 | 7 | 5 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 10 |
| 6–8 Jul 2024 | 2,008 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 38.2 | 3.5 | — | 24.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | — | 6.9 | 1.8 | — | 6.8 | 4.7 | — | 1.5 | 4.7 | 13.6 |
| 5–6 Jul 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 34.3 | 1.9 | — | 18.5 | 5.9 | 4.5 | — | — | 1.8 | — | 5.8 | 2.2 | — | 2.0 | 23.1 | 15.8 |
| 2–4 Jul 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 23 | — | — | 17 | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 5 | 2 | — | 5 | 38 | 6 |
| 1–2 Jul 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 35.9 | 4.5 | — | 24.6 | 7.9 | 5.4 | — | — | 1.7 | — | 7.2 | 4.5 | — | 3.2 | 5.0 | 11.3 |
| 22–24 Jun 2024 | 2,006 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 40.1 | 3.0 | — | 21.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | — | 6.4 | 1.3 | — | 7.7 | 5.3 | — | 1.8 | 4.5 | 18.5 |
| 17–18 Jun 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 37.8 | 3.9 | — | 24.7 | 5.9 | 3.7 | — | — | 2.3 | — | 7.9 | 4.8 | — | 3.4 | 5.5 | 13.1 |
| 14–15 Jun 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / News1 | 28 | — | — | 17 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 7 | 3 | — | 3 | 35 | 11 |
| 11–13 Jun 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 22 | 1 | — | 15 | 2 | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 5 | 3 | — | 5 | 42 | 7 |
| 9–10 Jun 2024 | 2,005 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 40.7 | 2.3 | — | 23.3 | 4.3 | 3.7 | — | 4.5 | 1.8 | — | 6.8 | 5.3 | — | 1.8 | 5.3 | 17.4 |
| 3–4 Jun 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 35.6 | 2.8 | — | 25.9 | 6.5 | 4.1 | — | — | 2.0 | — | 6.5 | 5.5 | — | 3.9 | 7.2 | 9.7 |
| 1–3 Jun 2024 | 2,005 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 41.0 | 2.1 | — | 22.0 | 4.0 | 4.4 | — | 5.0 | 1.8 | — | 8.0 | 5.4 | — | 1.7 | 4.6 | 19.0 |
| 28–30 May 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Research View / PSPD | 38 | 3 | 2 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 2 | — | 1 | — | 8 | 3 | 2 | 4[bl] | 5 | 14 |
| 25–27 May 2024 | 2,004 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 39.6 | 2.5 | — | 22.8 | 3.9 | 4.4 | — | 4.6 | 1.8 | — | 7.5 | 6.3 | — | 1.5 | 5.1 | 16.8 |
| 20–21 May 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 36.8 | 2.4 | — | 24.5 | 5.5 | 5.2 | — | — | 2.3 | — | 7.4 | 5.2 | — | 6.5 | 4.3 | 12.3 |
| 11–13 May 2024 | 2,002 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 38.6 | 2.6 | — | 25.1 | 3.9 | 4.2 | — | 4.6 | 1.6 | — | 7.7 | 4.1 | — | 1.4 | 6.1 | 13.5 |
| 7–9 May 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 23 | — | — | 17 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 2 | — | 7 | 3 | — | 6 | 38 | 7 |
| 6–7 May 2024 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 37.3 | 3.5 | — | 26.0 | 5.3 | 4.7 | — | — | 2.1 | — | 7.7 | 4.2 | — | 3.1 | 5.9 | 11.3 |
| 27–29 Apr 2024 | 2,006 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 39.3 | 3.7 | — | 21.9 | 4.5 | 4.7 | — | 5.0 | 1.6 | — | 8.1 | 5.7 | — | 1.8 | 4.2 | 17.4 |
| 16–18 Apr 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 24 | — | — | 15 | 1 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 7 | 3 | — | 5 | 39 | 9 |
| 13–15 Apr 2024 | 2,013 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 37.8 | — | — | 23.9 | — | — | — | — | 4.4 | — | 10.1 | 5.7 | — | 11.1[bm] | 7.1 | 13.9 |
| 2–3 Apr 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 27 | 1 | — | 23 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | — | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1[bn] | 24 | 4 |
| 28–29 Mar 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Research&Research / Dong-a Ilbo | 31.5 | 4.3 | — | 21.8 | 5.9 | 6.7 | — | 4.1 | 1.5 | — | 6.2 | — | 3.9 | 2.7 | 11.3 | 9.7 |
| 28–29 Mar 2024 | 1,011 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Seoul Economic Daily | 27 | — | — | 20 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 38 | 7 |
| 26–27 Mar 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 32 | 2 | — | 24 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1[bo] | 19 | 8 |
| 5–7 Mar 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 23 | 1 | — | 24 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5[bp] | 35 | 1 |
| 20 February 2024 | 1,012 | ±3.1 | Media Research / Newspim | 35.8 | 3.6 | — | 35.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | — | — | — | — | — | 3.4 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 0.5 |
| 13–14 Feb 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 37 | 5 | — | 34 | 3 | 4 | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| 6–7 Feb 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 26 | 4 | — | 23 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 1[bq] | 21 | 3 |
| 3–4 Feb 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Metrix / Yonhapnews | 28 | 3 | — | 25 | 3 | 5 | — | — | 2 | — | — | 3 | 4 | 4[br] | 24 | 3 |
| 30 Jan–1 Feb 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 26 | 1 | — | 23 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 4 | 35 | 3 |
| 9–11 Jan 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 23 | 1 | — | 22 | 1 | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 5 | 38 | 1 |
| 8–9 Jan 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 35.8 | 5.1 | — | 32.7 | 4.0 | — | — | 1.8 | 1.9 | — | — | — | 5.1 | 1.7[bs] | 11.9 | 3.2 |
| 6–7 Jan 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Metrix / Yonhapnews | 25 | 3 | — | 24 | 3 | 6 | — | — | 3 | — | — | 4 | 4 | 5[bt] | 24 | 1 |
| 1–2 Jan 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 39 | 4 | — | 35 | 4 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 4 | 4[bu] | 5 | 4 |
| 30–31 Dec 2023 | 1,018 | ±3.1 | KStat Research / TV Chosun | 27 | 4 | — | 21 | 5 | 7 | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | 5 | 3[bv] | 24 | 6 |
| 29–30 Dec 2023 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | Korea Research / MBC | 27 | 3 | — | 22 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 3 | — | — | 3 | 5 | 1[bw] | 21 | 5 |
| 28–29 Dec 2023 | 1,017 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / JoongAngIlbo | 22 | 1 | — | 24 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 5[bx] | 36 | 2 |
| 26–27 Dec 2023 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Research / HankookIlbo | 23 | 3 | — | 21 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3[by] | 26 | 2 |
| 25–26 Dec 2023 | 1,015 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 35.6 | 4.7 | — | 27.2 | 6.3 | — | — | 5.9 | 2.3 | — | — | — | 4.8 | 1.4[bz] | 11.8 | 8.4 |
| 23–24 Dec 2023 | 1,024 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Asia Today | 36.9 | 2.5 | — | 35.8 | 2.8 | 3.3 | — | 1.4 | — | — | — | 4.2 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 6.9 | 1.1 |
| 5–7 Dec 2023 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 19 | 2 | — | 16 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 5 | 43 | 3 |
| 7–9 Nov 2023 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 21 | 2 | — | 13 | 4 | 4 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 4 | 44 | 8 |
| 10–12 Oct 2023 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 22 | 1 | — | 14 | 4 | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 6[ca] | 46 | 8 |
| 5–7 Sep 2023 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 19 | 2 | — | 12 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 3 | 5[cb] | 48 | 7 |
| 30 May–1 Jun 2023 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 22 | 1 | — | 11 | 4 | 5 | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | 2 | 5[cc] | 46 | 11 |
| 11–13 Mar 2023 | 1,020 | ±3.1 | Kookmin Research Group, Ace Research / Newsis | 37.3 | — | — | 16.4 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 4.2 | — | — | — | 4.1 | 5.7[cd] | 9.0 | 20.9 |
| 29 Feb–2 Mar 2023 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 20 | — | — | 11 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 2 | 3 | 5 | 44 | 9 |
| 26–27 Jan 2023 | 1,006 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Segye Ilbo | 24.6 | — | — | 11.1 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 3.8 | — | 6.9 | — | — | 1.4 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 37.7 | 13.5 |
| 1–2 Jan 2023 | 1,020 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 33.7 | 1.5 | — | 18.1 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 5.4 | — | 3.8 | — | — | — | 6.4 | 2.6 | 11.2 | 15.6 |
| 26–27 Dec 2022 | 1,015 | ±3.1 | Global Research / The Hankyoreh | 24.4 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 9.9 | 8.2 | 11.9 | 4.5 | — | 5.6 | — | — | 2.1 | 4.1 | 3.9[ce] | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 16–17 Dec 2022 | 1,016 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 31.4 | 2.4 | — | 10.2 | 9.1 | — | — | 3.5 | 4.5 | — | — | — | 5.1 | 6.1[cf] | 27.9 | 21.2 |
| 4–6 Dec 2022 | 1,030 | ±3.1 | Ace Research / Newsis | 37.3 | — | — | 18.6 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 3.3 | 4.1 | — | — | — | 5.2 | 1.0 | 7.3 | 18.7 |
| 4–5 Dec 2022 | 1,024 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 37.8 | 2.3 | — | 18.9 | 7.1 | 9.3 | 4.4 | — | 3.1 | — | — | — | 5.8 | 1.6 | 9.7 | 18.9 |
| 3–5 Dec 2022 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 37.0 | 3.3 | — | 19.1 | 9.8 | 8.2 | — | — | 3.9 | — | — | — | 6.9 | 5.5[cg] | 6.1 | 17.9 |
| 29 Nov –1 Dec 2022 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 23 | — | — | 10 | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 3 | — | — | 2 | 3 | 6 | 44 | 13 |
| 5–7 Nov 2022 | 1,023 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 38.3 | 2.4 | — | 18.0 | 10.8 | 8.6 | 4.1 | — | 3.6 | — | — | — | 5.0 | 1.6[ch] | 7.6 | 20.3 |
| 8–10 Oct 2022 | 1,021 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 41.1 | 3.2 | — | 17.1 | 10.8 | 7.3 | — | — | 4.1 | — | — | — | 6.0 | 3.3 | 7.0 | 24.0 |
| 10–12 Sep 2022 | 1,014 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 40.1 | 2.9 | — | 18.5 | 11.7 | 8.0 | — | — | 4.3 | — | — | — | 4.5 | 3.0 | 7.1 | 21.6 |
| 30 Aug–1 Sep 2022 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 27 | — | — | 9 | 4 | 4 | 2 | — | 4 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 4 | 41 | 18 |
| 6–8 Aug 2022 | 1,025 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 39.6 | 3.4 | — | 12.8 | 13.3 | 8.3 | — | — | 3.8 | — | — | — | 8.2 | 3.0 | 7.6 | 26.3 |
| 9–12 Jul 2022 | 1,045 | ±3.0 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 38.5 | 4.7 | — | 12.4 | 15.1 | 6.3 | — | — | 5.6 | — | — | — | 5.5 | 3.0 | 8.8 | 23.4 |
| 11–13 Jun 2022 | 1,025 | ±3.1 | Rnsearch / Mewspim | 29.3 | 5.6 | — | 9.4 | 23.9 | — | — | 3.5 | 6.9 | — | — | — | 5.0 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 5.4 |
| 7–9 Jun 2022 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea | 15 | 4 | — | 4 | 10 | 5 | — | — | 6 | — | — | 1 | 3 | 4 | 46 | 5 |
| 29–31 Mar 2022 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | ResearchView | 28 | 2 | — | — | 13 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 10 | — | — | 5 | 7 | 7[ci] | 5 | 15 |
| 9 March 2022 | 2022 election | 47.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.6[cj] | 0.9 | 0.7 | ||
Hypothetical polling
[edit]Lee Jae-myung vs. Han Dong-hoon
[edit]| Fieldwork date | Sample size | Margin of error |
Polling firm | Lee Jae-myung | Han Dong-hoon | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26–28 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN[29] | 54.3 | 17.2 | 37.1 |
| 12–14 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 51.8 | 18.6 | 33.2 |
| 26–28 Feb 2025 | 1,506 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 49.7 | 20.3 | 29.4 |
| 26–27 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 46.7 | 17.4 | 29.3 |
| 23–24 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 51.4 | 21.7 | 29.7 |
| 16–17 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 50.8 | 23.8 | 27.0 |
| 9–10 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 48.6 | 24.2 | 24.4 |
| 8–10 Feb 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 45.3 | 19.0 | 26.3 |
| 3–4 Feb 2025 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 45.8 | 24.1 | 21.7 |
| 2–3 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 51.6 | 24.2 | 27.4 |
| 31 Jan–1 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Segye Ilbo | 47 | 34 | 13 |
| 24–26 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / KBS | 46 | 28 | 18 |
| 24–25 Jan 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | KOPRA / Asia Today | 45 | 34 | 11 |
| 23–25 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ipsos / SBS | 41 | 22 | 19 |
| 22–23 Jan 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Embrain Public / YTN | 39 | 33 | 6 |
| 29–31 Dec 2024 | 1,014 | ±3.1 | Next Researach / Maeil Business | 46 | 23 | 23 |
| 22 October 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 53.6 | 30.2 | 23.4 |
| 7–8 Oct 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 50.5 | 32.5 | 18.0 |
| 23–24 Sep 2024 | 1,005 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 51.9 | 32.8 | 19.1 |
| 23–24 Aug 2024 | 1,010 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 45.6 | 28.0 | 17.6 |
| 19–20 Aug 2024 | 1,008 | ±3.1 | Media Tomato / News Tomato | 54.6 | 36.0 | 18.6 |
| 17–19 Aug 2024 | 1,025 | ±3.1 | Hangil Research / Kukinews | 50.7 | 30.4 | 20.3 |
| 30–31 Mar 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Metrix / Yonhapnews | 37 | 31 | 6 |
| 18–19 Mar 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 45.3 | 37.6 | 7.7 |
| 4–5 Mar 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 42.3 | 43.2 | 0.9 |
| 2–3 Mar 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Metrix / Yonhapnews | 30 | 33 | 3 |
| 22–23 Feb 2024 | 1,015 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Sedaily | 43 | 46 | 3 |
| 19–20 Feb 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 40.4 | 46.6 | 6.2 |
| 5–6 Feb 2024 | 1,001 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 42.1 | 47.8 | 5.7 |
| 3–4 Feb 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Metrix / Yonhapnews | 36 | 36 | Tie |
| 25–26 Jan 2024 | 1,011 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Sedaily | 45 | 42 | 3 |
| 22–23 Jan 2024 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 45.9 | 42.8 | 3.1 |
| 8–9 Jan 2024 | 1,002 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 45.5 | 43.1 | 2.4 |
| 6–7 Jan 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Metrix / Yonhapnews | 36 | 36 | Tie |
| 30–31 Dec 2023 | 1,018 | ±3.1 | KStat Research / TV Chosun | 38 | 38 | Tie |
| 20–21 Dec 2023 | 1,006 | ±3.1 | KOPRA | 41 | 45 | 4 |
Lee Jae-myung vs. Kim Moon-soo
[edit]| Fieldwork date | Sample size | Margin of error |
Polling firm | Lee Jae-myung | Kim Moon-soo | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26–28 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN[30] | 54.1 | 28.5 | 25.6 |
| 19–20 Mar 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | WinG Korea / Voice of Seoul | 49.8 | 40.4 | 9.4 |
| 12–14 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 51.7 | 30.7 | 21.0 |
| 12 March 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | WinG Korea / Voice of Seoul | 48.7 | 42.7 | 6.0 |
| 8–10 Mar 2025 | 1,022 | ±3.1 | Hangil Research / Kukinews | 47.2 | 34.0 | 13.2 |
| 26–28 Feb 2025 | 1,506 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 50.0 | 31.6 | 18.4 |
| 26–27 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 46.6 | 22.5 | 24.1 |
| 23–24 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 52.6 | 35.5 | 17.1 |
| 16–17 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 50.8 | 36.6 | 14.2 |
| 13–14 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Realmeter / EKN | 46.3 | 31.8 | 14.5 |
| 12 February 2025 | 1,023 | ±3.1 | WinG Korea / Voice of Seoul | 45.8 | 46.9 | 1.1 |
| 9–10 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 50.0 | 37.8 | 12.2 |
| 8–10 Feb 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 46.1 | 34.2 | 11.9 |
| 5 February 2025 | 1,017 | ±3.1 | WinG Korea / Voice of Seoul | 46.4 | 45.3 | 1.1 |
| 3–4 Feb 2025 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 46.6 | 38.1 | 8.5 |
| 2–3 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 53.1 | 34.7 | 18.4 |
| 31 Jan–1 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Segye Ilbo | 50 | 37 | 13 |
| 24–26 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / KBS | 47 | 35 | 12 |
| 24–25 Jan 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | KOPRA / Asia Today | 46 | 45 | 1 |
| 23–25 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ipsos / SBS | 42 | 28 | 14 |
| 22–23 Jan 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Embrain Public / YTN | 42 | 38 | 4 |
| 15–16 Jan 2025 | 1,039 | ±3.0 | WinG Korea / Voice of Seoul | 45.4 | 43.5 | 1.9 |
Lee Jae-myung vs. Hong Joon-pyo
[edit]| Fieldwork date | Sample size | Margin of error |
Polling firm | Lee Jae-myung | Hong Joon-pyo | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26–28 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN[31] | 54.0 | 23.5 | 30.5 |
| 12–14 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 52.3 | 25.0 | 27.3 |
| 8–10 Mar 2025 | 1,022 | ±3.1 | Hangil Research / Kukinews | 46.8 | 24.9 | 21.9 |
| 26–28 Feb 2025 | 1,506 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 50.0 | 24.2 | 25.8 |
| 26–27 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 47.6 | 23.5 | 24.1 |
| 23–24 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 51.2 | 29.6 | 21.6 |
| 16–17 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 50.5 | 29.0 | 21.5 |
| 13–14 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Realmeter / EKN | 46.9 | 26.2 | 20.7 |
| 9–10 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 49.4 | 33.9 | 15.5 |
| 8–10 Feb 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 45.6 | 25.5 | 20.1 |
| 3–4 Feb 2025 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 47.0 | 31.0 | 16.0 |
| 2–3 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 53.4 | 30.6 | 22.8 |
| 31 Jan–1 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Segye Ilbo | 47 | 39 | 8 |
| 24–26 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / KBS | 46 | 36 | 10 |
| 24–25 Jan 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | KOPRA / Asia Today | 46 | 42 | 4 |
| 23–25 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ipsos / SBS | 41 | 27 | 14 |
| 22–23 Jan 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Embrain Public / YTN | 41 | 41 | Tie |
| 29–31 Dec 2024 | 1,014 | ±3.1 | Next Researach / Maeil Business | 47 | 28 | 19 |
| 28–29 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | EveryResearch / Newsspirit | 49.6 | 23.5 | 26.1 |
Lee Jae-myung vs. Oh Se-hoon
[edit]| Fieldwork date | Sample size | Margin of error |
Polling firm | Lee Jae-myung | Oh Se-hoon | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26–28 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN[32] | 54.5 | 23.0 | 31.5 |
| 12–14 Mar 2025 | 1,510 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 51.8 | 25.6 | 26.2 |
| 8–10 Mar 2025 | 1,022 | ±3.1 | Hangil Research / Kukinews | 47.9 | 23.8 | 24.1 |
| 26–28 Feb 2025 | 1,506 | ±2.5 | Realmeter / EKN | 50.3 | 23.5 | 26.8 |
| 26–27 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Flower Research | 46.8 | 24.0 | 22.8 |
| 23–24 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 52.5 | 29.7 | 22.8 |
| 16–17 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 51.3 | 31.7 | 19.6 |
| 13–14 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Realmeter / EKN | 46.6 | 29.0 | 17.6 |
| 9–10 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 49.7 | 34.9 | 14.8 |
| 8–10 Feb 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | Jowon C&I / Straight News | 45.0 | 27.6 | 17.4 |
| 3–4 Feb 2025 | 1,007 | ±3.1 | Gongjung / Dailian | 46.9 | 32.1 | 14.8 |
| 2–3 Feb 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Researchview / KPI News | 53.2 | 31.8 | 21.4 |
| 31 Jan–1 Feb 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Gallup Korea / Segye Ilbo | 47 | 43 | 4 |
| 24–26 Jan 2025 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | Hankook Researach / KBS | 45 | 36 | 9 |
| 24–25 Jan 2025 | 2,001 | ±2.2 | KOPRA / Asia Today | 46 | 43 | 3 |
| 23–25 Jan 2025 | 1,004 | ±3.1 | Ipsos / SBS | 42 | 26 | 16 |
| 22–23 Jan 2025 | 1,003 | ±3.1 | Embrain Public / YTN | 41 | 41 | Tie |
| 29–31 Dec 2024 | 1,014 | ±3.1 | Next Researach / Maeil Business | 44 | 30 | 14 |
| 28–29 Dec 2024 | 1,000 | ±3.1 | EveryResearch / Newsspirit | 50.2 | 26.7 | 23.5 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Kim Kyoung-soo was sentenced to prison in July 2021 and was ineligible to run for office until April 2028, but was pardoned and reinstated in August 2024, allowing him to run.[14]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Embrain Public, KStat Research, Korea Research, Hankook Research
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.9, Others 1.0
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 0.7, Others 2.6
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.4, Others 2.2
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.0, Others 0.9
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.2, Lee Cheol-woo 0.7, Others 2.2
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.4, Others 3.1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.0, Others 1.2
- ^ Na Kyung-won 2.8, Woo Won-shik 1.3, Kim Boo-kyum 0.7, Others 0.2
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.8, Others 3.7
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 0.8, Others 2.8
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.2, Lee Cheol-woo 0.6, Others 2.7
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Na Kyung-won 2.1, Woo Won-shik 1.8, Kim Boo-kyum 0.7, Others 0.5
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 0.6, Others 2.4
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2.3, Others 1.2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.3, Others 2.6
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1.9, Others 1.2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 0.7, Others 1.2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.0, Others 1.6
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2.3, Others 1.8
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1.8, Kim Boo-kyum 1.8, Kim Doo-kwan 0.7, Others 1.5
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 3, Woo Won-shik 2, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1.3, Kim Boo-kyum 0.5, Others 1.1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2, Kim Boo-kyum 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2, Others 2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2.3, Kim Boo-kyum 1.5, Kim Doo-kwan 0.4, Others 2.7
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3.0, Others 7.2
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1, Others 5
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3, Others 6
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3.2, Kim Boo-kyum 1.7, Park Yong-jin 0.2, Others 9.0
- ^ Woo Won-shik 4.0, Others 4.0
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.3, Others 4.3
- ^ Woo Won-shik 4, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 4
- ^ Woo Won-shik 5, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 3
- ^ Woo Won-shik 5, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 3
- ^ Woo Won-shik 4, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 3
- ^ Woo Won-shik 3.9, Kim Boo-kyum 1.5, Na Kyung-won 1.0, Others 1.5
- ^ Woo Won-shik 4, Choo Mi-ae 1, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Na Kyung-won 1, Others 1
- ^ Woo Won-shik 4.8, Others 3.3
- ^ Woo Won-shik 2, Han Duck-soo 2, Others 4
- ^ Woo Won-shik 4, Others 6
- ^ Woo Won-shik 6, Others 4
- ^ Woo Won-shik 1, Others 5
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.1, Others 2.1
- ^ Rhee Chang-yong 0.6, Others 6.7
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 0.8
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.0
- ^ Choo Mi-ae 2, Others 2
- ^ Na Kyung-won 3.7, Others 7.4
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1
- ^ Lee Tahney 1, Others 4
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Sim Sang-jung 1, Others 2
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 1.7
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 2, Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Park Yong-jin 1, Others 3
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1, Others 2
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1
- ^ Lee Tahney 1, Others 4
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 2, Others 1
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 1.4
- ^ Lee Tahney 1, Others 5
- ^ Lee Tahney 1, Others 4
- ^ Lee Tahney 1, Others 4
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 1.6, Others 4.1
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 2.2, Im Jong-seok 0.5, Others 1.2
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 2.0, Others 4.1
- ^ Park Yong-jin 1.0, Others 4.5
- ^ Park Yong-jin 0.3, Others 1.3
- ^ Kim Boo-kyum 2, Song Young-gil 2, Park Yong-jin 1, Others 2
- ^ Sim Sang-jung 2.4, Others 1.2
References
[edit]- ^ a b Rashid, Raphael; McCurry, Justin (14 December 2024). "South Korean parliament votes to impeach president". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 December 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
- ^ Nauman, Qasim (3 April 2025). "South Korea Awaits Court Ruling on Impeached President's Fate". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
- ^ a b "Republic of Korea: Election for President". IFES. Archived from the original on 21 January 2025.
- ^ "Yoon Suk Yeol removed as South Korea's president over short-lived martial law". AP News. 4 April 2025.
- ^ "South Korea's president has been removed from power: What happens now?". BBC. 4 April 2025.
- ^ Shim Sun-ah (4 April 2025). "(LEAD) Acting president discusses snap election process with NEC chief". Yonhap News Agency.
- ^ "Acting president discusses snap election process with NEC chief". The Korea Herald. 4 April 2025.
- ^ Kim, Hyung-jun (11 April 2024). "동탄서 살아난 이준석, '분열의 아이콘' 극복하고 차기 대선주자 위상 찾나". Hankookilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Sung, Jiwon (18 March 2025). "尹 선고 앞두고…개혁신당, 이준석 대선후보 선출". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- ^ "(LEAD) Acting president discusses snap election process with NEC chief". Yonhap News Agency. 4 April 2025.
- ^ Kwon, Hye-jin (11 April 2024). ""경쟁자가 없다"…이재명, 총선 민의 힘입어 대권 가도 '탄력'". Kukinews (in Korean). Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Choi, Dae-ho (22 June 2024). "김동연 여의도 스킨십에 친문까지 품어…대권행보 '주목'". News 1 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Cho, Moon-hee (4 December 2024). "탄핵 열차 출발했다…野 '잠룡' 김경수는 '즉시 귀국'". Sisajournal (in Korean). Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ Koo, Hye-jin (4 December 2024). "복권되자마자 김경수 '꿈틀'…조국 제치고 범야권 대선 주자 3위로". JTBC (in Korean). Archived from the original on 20 January 2025. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ Nam, Seung-ryeol (12 July 2024). "한동훈 "3년 후 대선 이길 수 있는 후보가 저라면 나간다"". News 1 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Lee, Jun-hee (14 May 2024). "오세훈 국민의힘 지지층 외연 확장 나서, '대선 잠룡' 존재감 서서히 드러낸다". Business Post (in Korean). Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Hong, Min-seong (13 September 2023). "홍준표 "내가 특이해 보이는 이유? 한국 정치판이 비정상이라"". hankyung.com (in Korean). Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Han, Sang-hee (7 May 2024). "유승민 "남은 도전 27년 대선 딱 하나…당대표 출마 깊이 고민"". News 1 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Bae, Jae-sung (29 April 2024). "차기 대통령은 누구죠? 질문에…안철수 "접니다!" 손 번쩍". The JoongAng (in Korean). Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Jeon, Gwang-jun (25 January 2025). "'여권 대선주자 1위' 김문수…반짝 결집일까, 뒷심 발휘할까". Hankyoreh (in Korean). Archived from the original on 24 January 2025. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
- ^ Park, Soon-bong (12 January 2024). "총선 출마 선그은 이낙연, 대선엔 "지금은…" 여지". Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean). Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Lee, Jae-ho (31 March 2024). "조국혁신당 총선 돌풍 대선까지? 조국, 차기 대통령 여론조사 3위". Pressian (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
- ^ Park, Tae-hun (13 December 2024). "조국 "감옥 가면 턱걸이, 푸시업, 스쾃, 책 읽기…슬감생" 다 계획이 있다". News1 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ https://www.nesdc.go.kr/portal/bbs/B0000005/view.do?nttId=15955
- ^ https://www.nesdc.go.kr/portal/bbs/B0000005/view.do?nttId=15951
- ^ https://www.nesdc.go.kr/portal/bbs/B0000005/view.do?nttId=15948
- ^ https://www.nesdc.go.kr/portal/bbs/B0000005/view.do?nttId=15941
- ^ http://www.realmeter.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%A9%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C_25%EB%85%843%EC%9B%944%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8_lq6_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85.pdf
- ^ http://www.realmeter.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%A9%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C_25%EB%85%843%EC%9B%944%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8_lq6_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85.pdf
- ^ http://www.realmeter.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%A9%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C_25%EB%85%843%EC%9B%944%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8_lq6_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85.pdf
- ^ http://www.realmeter.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%A9%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C_25%EB%85%843%EC%9B%944%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8_lq6_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85.pdf
- ^ http://www.realmeter.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%A9%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C_25%EB%85%843%EC%9B%944%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8_lq6_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85.pdf
| Presidential elections | |
|---|---|
| Legislative elections | |
| Local elections | |
| By-elections | |
| Referendums | |
