Burger King Pokémon container recall

A Poké Ball container. These containers were determined to present a suffocation hazard and as such were recalled.

During 1999 and 2000, Burger King and the Consumer Product Safety Commission held an effort to recall plastic containers resembling Poké Balls in the United States after it was determined they presented a suffocation hazard.

Background

Burger King released a set of 57 Pokémon toys in a two month long promotion for Pokémon: The First Movie. These toys were contained within containers resembling Poké Balls, which measured from 2.75 and 3 inches in diameter. Burger King distributed the Poké Balls inside big kids meals and regular kids meals, with the promotion set to last for 56 days. The containers were made by Equity Marketing, Inc. in Los Angeles. The container could be opened by pulling the two halves of it apart. Ten days into the promotion, Burger King North America President, Paul Clayton, ran full-page newspaper ads apologizing for shortages, with the promotion selling over 1000 meals a day. The promotion was among the largest in fast food history.

Suffocation risk and recall

According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the design and size of the container made it easier for people to suffocate than with a plastic egg or a cup. It is just the right size to cover the nose and the mouth, and owing to the plastic's pliability, a child may suck the air out, creating a vacuum effect and causing the ball to become stuck to the face. Russ Rader, spokesperson for the Consumer Product Safety Commission, stated the more the child breathes, the tighter the ball is held in place. He claimed it the balls were hidden danger and was something parents could not anticipate.

On December 11, 1999, a 13-month-old girl in Sonora, California named Kira Alexis Murphy, was left alone in her playpen with the ball. One half of the ball attached to her face and formed an airtight seal, causing her to suffocate to death. Following her death, the Tuolumne County Sheriff's Department issued a warning about the containers.

This was the first time a Burger King toy was blamed for a death. Two days later, the Consumer Product Safety Commission asked Burger King to recall the containers, which Burger King refused to do. They stated they were afraid to create anxiety for parents, as it was too soon to confirm whether the ball was responsible for the child's death, wanting to wait for an independent confirmation of the cause of death. The autopsy results had not been completed and released. Burger King spokesperson Kim Miller stated if it turned out the container was a choking hazard, they would pull them out. However, they did not want to end a promotion if there was no issue with it. Burger King did not initiate a recall according to their spokesperson Charles Nicolas because "it was not concluded the ball was the cause". The toys found in the containers were not a part of the proposed recall.

On December 23, an 18-month-old Kansas girl reportedly got half of the ball stuck on her nose and mouth, but her father managed to remove it before she was injured. This resulted in Burger King agreeing to a recall after no resolution had been passed between them and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. However, the CPSC told them to wait five days—December 29—to announce the recall to allow for them to get its nationwide strategy in place.

Burger King initiated an announcement on December 27, two days before the agreed date. Ann Brown, a member of the CPSC, believed it was a move by Burger King to try and fly the situation under the radar and avoid negative press. Brown did a segment as planned on NBC News's Today, though she criticized Burger King's slow movements and the hasty recall announcement. The recall push was massive, with thousands of notices sent to Burger King locations, pediatricians' offices, and emergency rooms, an ad in USA Today being posted, and warnings being put out on sites frequently visited by Pokémon fans. Burger King put information out on commercial networks and also set up a phone number for the recall.

Burger King issued a statement to parents that they should take the containers away from children aged younger than three, and should be thrown away or returned to Burger King, where they could be redeemed for a free small order of French fries. Children could keep the toy that came with the ball. According to Burger King spokesperson Charles Nicolas, more than 25 million containers were included in the recall. The container did not display any warning of a choking hazard, stating it passed all choking tests and was appropriate for all ages. Burger King stated it passed all U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission requirements and all international safety standards. Despite this, a 4-month-old boy in Indianapolis, Indiana named Zachary Jones died of suffocation on January 25, 2000, in his crib.

Marlene Gordon, senior attorney for Burger King, stated their recall efforts were as strong or stronger for their marketing campaign. Despite the campaign, less than half of the 25 million containers were returned. According to a Burger King spokesperson, Burger King had destroyed more than 22.5 million undistributed containers and more than 500,000 returned containers by December 2000. Nancy A. Nord, acting chairperson of the commission, stated while a few came back, they assumed most people threw them away. Research was done on the recall, which showed that among customers who did not respond to a recall, 60% had thrown the containers away, which is considered an effective recall.

Burger King has stated its toy safety problems have not been fixed, as in a two-year period, they have recalled three toys intended for toddlers; however, they showed the distinction between this recall and the Pokémon recall, stating there were no injuries in these recalls.

Reaction

Following the recall, Burger King improved its testing procedures and hired a human-factors psychologist to evaluate toys and how children will use them.

Burger King has received criticism for what was described as a slow start on their part to recall the products. Chairperson Ann Brown commented that a death should be a very grave sign that there is a problem, saying that one would not want the deaths of several children before a recall is issued. After they initiated the recall campaign, Brown stated they had come around, though they had to push them to do so. In response to Burger King's abrupt announcement of the recall two days before the planned announcement, industry experts suspected this decision angered the commission and Brown, who used high-profile media appearances to break the news of recalls. President of the Chicago-based fast food firm Technomic Ron Paul stated these kinds of things are easily forgotten after a matter of weeks, if not days. He added that most people attribute this as a toy problem, not a Burger King problem.

Equity Marketing Inc. commented that the containers met or exceeded strict federal safety guidelines and underwent rigorous safety testing by an independent, third party laboratory during and after production. While federal officials complained that Burger King refused to acknowledge the severity of the problem, Kim Miller denied this. She stated when Burger King learned of the death, the company suggested issuing a parental advisory to warn parents of the container's hazards to children under three. Marc Schoem, director of the recall division for the Consumer Product Safety Commission, stated there needed to be some kind of drastic action to get people to stop using the product, and that only alerting parents to take the ball away from children without giving them the specifics will do no good. Ellen Mogg, assistant manager of a Burger King restaurant, stated they had not received any complaints from parents about it being a hazard; she felt they had been prompt in recalling them.

News of the recall was far-reaching, being covered in newspapers around the globe including the Japanese publication Japan Weekly Monitor. In response to the recall, the Consumer Product Safety Commission announced it was examining other similar Pokémon Poké Ball toys to see if there should be a recall for them. While they had not come to a conclusion, they recommended parents keep them out of reach of children under three. The Poké Balls are made by different distributors, but look alike. One of the distributors who make retail-sold Poké Balls is Hasbro, who declined to comment on the differences between Burger King's designs; however, they stated their products are labelled for aged four and up, and meet all federal and industry standards.

The parents of the 13-month-old girl filed suit against Burger King. They won a monetary settlement from Burger King, both agreeing to keep the dollar amount confidential.