2025 in archosaur paleontology
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This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that are scheduled described during the year 2025, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that are scheduled to occur in the year 2025.
Pseudosuchians
[edit]New pseudosuchian taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Haldar, Ray & Bandyopadhyay |
An aetosaur belonging to the tribe Paratypothoracini. The type species is K. minori. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wu et al. |
Late Triassic |
An early member of Crocodylomorpha. The type species is P. gracilis. |
| |||
| Tewkensuchus[3] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bravo et al. | Early Paleocene | Salamanca Formation |  Argentina
|
A sebecosuchian. The type species is T. salamanquensis | 
|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Carvalho et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A notosuchian. The type species is T. scutorectangularis. |
General pseudosuchian research
[edit]- Fitch, Kammerer & Nesbitt (2025) describe femora of poposauroids similar to Poposaurus gracilis from the Cumnock and Pekin formations (Chatham Group; North Carolina, United States), expanding known geographical range of Late Triassic poposauroids.[5]
- McDavid (2025) discusses the validity and authorship of the name Prestosuchus, considering the name Huenesuchus a junior synonym.[6]
Aetosaur research
[edit]- A study on the histology of osteoderms of Stagonolepis olenkae is published by Błaszczeć & Antczak (2025).[7]
- Haldar & Ray (2025) identify osteoderms of a probable desmatosuchine aetosaur from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation (India).[8]
Crocodylomorph research
[edit]- A study on the diversity of cranial shapes of crocodylomorphs throughout their evolutionary history is published by Melstrom et al. (2025), who find that crocodylomorphs with generalist dietary ecology were most likely to survive and diversify after mass extinction events.[9]
- A study on bone histology of Trialestes romeri, providing evidence of a rapid growth rate, is published by Ponce, Cerda & Desojo (2025).[10]
- A study on the biodiversity of thalattosuchians throughout their evolutionary history, attempting to identify factors driving thalattosuchian evolution, is published by Forêt et al. (2025).[11]
- Redescription of Macrospondylus bollensis is published by Johnson et al. (2025).[12]
- A study on metabolic rates of notosuchians, providing evidence of mass-independent maximal metabolic rates that were higher than those of extant crocodilians but lower than those of monitor lizards, in published by Sena et al. (2025).[13]
- The first histological study of appendicular bones of a peirosaurid is published by Navarro et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as indicative of different growth dynamics of the studied individual compared to other notosuchians.[14]
- Fossil material of a member or a relative of the genus Sebecus is described from the late Neogene strata of the Yanigua/Los Haitises Formation (Dominican Republic) by Viñola López et al. (2025).[15]
- Kuzmin et al. (2025) describe the braincase osteology and neuroanatomy of Paralligator, and interpret their findings as indicative of similarity of brain modifications during ontogeny in paralligatorids and extant crocodilians.[16]
- A study on the anatomy and affinities of the first specimens of Borealosuchus from earliest Paleocene of Colorado, filling temporal and geographical gaps in the fossil record of members of the genus, is published by Lessner, Petermann & Lyson (2025).[17]
- Walter et al. (2025) study the phylogenetic affinities of Deinosuchus and recover it as a member of the crocodylian stem group.[18]
- Evidence from the study of the bone histology of Diplocynodon hantoniensis, interpreted as indicative of a similar growth rate in D. hantoniensis and the American alligator, is published by Hoffman et al. (2025).[19]
- Description of the anatomy of the inner skull cavities of Diplocynodon tormis is published by Serrano-Martínez et al. (2025).[20]
- Pligersdorffer, Burke & Mannion (2025) reconstruct the endocranial anatomy of Argochampsa krebsi, and report evidence of presence of salt glands in the studied gavialoid.[21]
- Evidence of variability of the skull morphology of extant Nile crocodiles and broad-snouted crocodilians from the Paleogene strata in the Faiyum Governorate and Miocene strata from the Wadi Moghra site (Egypt) is presented by El-Degwi et al. (2025).[22]
Non-avian dinosaurs
[edit]New dinosaur taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Lovelace et al. |
Late Triassic (Carnian) |
An early saurischian, possibly a basal sauropodomorph. The type species is A. bahndooiveche. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yao et al. |
A basal ornithischian. The type species is A. asiaticus. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Agnolín et al. |
A rinconsaurian titanosaur. The type species is C. calvoi. |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Simón & Salgado |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) |
A rebbachisaurid sauropod. The type species is C. sanchezi. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kobayashi et al |
A therizinosaurid theropod. The type species is D. tsogtbaatari. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Averianov & Sues |
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) |
An ornithomimid theropod. The type species is "Archaeornithomimus" bissektensis Nesov (1995). |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Coria et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
An ornithopod belonging to the group Rhabdodontomorpha. The type species is E. alessandrii. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
| |||
| Huadanosaurus[30] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Qiu et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian) |
A compsognathid-like theropod belonging to the group Sinosauropterygidae. The type species is H. sinensis. |
| |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Serrano-Brañas et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
An ornithomimid theropod. The type species is M. longimanus. |
| |||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Czepiński & Madzia |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) |
An ornithopod belonging to the group Rhabdodontomorpha. The type species is "Rhabdodon" septimanicus Buffetaut & Le Loeuff (1991). |
| |||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Díez Díaz et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is "Magyarosaurus" hungaricus Huene (1932). |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Dai et al. |
An early-diverging hadrosauromorph. The type species is Q. changshengi. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
| ||||
|
Sp. nov |
Qiu et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian) |
A compsognathid-like theropod; a species of Sinosauropteryx. |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kellermann, Cuesta & Rauhut |
A carcharodontosaurid theropod. The type species is T. markgrafi. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Díez Díaz et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is U. kadici. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Chen et al. |
A massopodan sauropodomorph; a species of Xingxiulong. |
| |||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zou et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A metriacanthosaurid theropod. The type species is Y. jinshajiangensis. |
| |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hao et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
An oviraptorosaurian theropod. The type species is Y. bainian. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
|
General non-avian dinosaur research
[edit]- Maidment and Butler (2025) review the state of dinosaur taxonomy and attempt to determine the geographical areas and time periods likely to offer the best opportunities for major new discoveries.[39]
- Heath et al. (2025) use historical biogeographic estimation methods to estimate the distribution of early dinosaurs and their relatives, and consider low-latitude Gondwana to be the most likely area of origin of dinosaurs, and possibly of archosaurs in general.[40]
- Review of sources of information about dinosaur locomotion, and of studies of dinosaur locomotion from the preceding years, is published by Falkingham (2025).[41]
- Review of studies of dinosaur reproduction and ontogeny, and of challenges in the studies of dinosaur reproductive biology, is published by Chapelle, Griffin & Pol (2025).[42]
- Schweitzer et al. (2025) study the composition of vascular-like microstructures isolated from dinosaur fossils from the Judith River and Hell Creek formations, and interpret their findings as supporting endogeneity of the studied structures, but also report the presence of microorganismal components in the studied samples.[43]
- Evidence of the presence of a strong connective tissue in the cheek region of dinosaur skulls, linking the zygoma and mandible in dinosaurs, is presented by Sharpe et al. (2025).[44]
- Review of the fossil record of Triassic-Jurassic dinosaurs and other reptiles from the Connecticut Valley (Connecticut and Massachusetts, United States) is published by Galton, Regalado Fernández & Farlow (2025), who consider Ammosaurus major to be a separate taxon from Anchisaurus polyzelus.[45]
- Milàn & Vallon (2025) study dinosaur tracks from the Middle Jurassic Bagå Formation (Denmark), interpreted as evidence of presence of a diverse dinosaur fauna unknown from skeletal remains.[46]
- Deiques et al. (2025) report the discovery of new dinosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic Guará Formation (Brazil), including second record of an ankylosaur track and the best preserved theropod track from the formation reported to date.[47]
- Yu et al. (2025) report the discovery of new tyrannosaurid, dromaeosaurid (dromaeosaurine and velociraptorine), titanosaur and hadrosauroid teeth from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation, providing new information on the diversity of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Songliao Basin (China).[48]
- A study on habitat preferences of Campanian and Maastrichtian dinosaurs from south-western Europe is published by Vázquez López et al. (2025).[49]
- A study on the structure of the latest Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record from North America is published by Dean et al. (2025), who argue that research on diversity dynamics of dinosaurs before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event is hampered by geological sampling biases.[50]
Saurischian research
[edit]- Garcia, Martínez & Müller (2025) identify pathological marks on the skull bones of herrerasaurid specimens representing the oldest record of pathologies in dinosaurs reported to date, and interpret those lesions as likely resulting from agonistic behaviour of the studied dinosaurs.[51]
- Theropod and sauropod trace fossils, including possible drag marks and evidence of trampling, are described from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation (India) by Rozario & Dasgupta (2025).[52]
- New assemblage of theropod and sauropod tracks produced in a lagoonal margin environment is described from the Middle Jurassic Kilmaluag Formation (United Kingdom) by Blakesley et al. (2025).[53]
- A study on the purported swimming sauropod trail from the Mayan Dude Ranch tracksite in the Lower Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation (Texas, United States), as well as on the second manus-dominated sauropod trackway and on the theropod track from the same track horizon, is published by Adams et al. (2025), who interpret the studied tracks as unlikely to be produced by dinosaurs that buoyed in deep water.[54]
- A tooth of a theropod distinct from Sinotyrannus, as well as a titanosauriform tooth representing the youngest sauropod fossil from the Jehol Biota reported to date, are described from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (China) by Yin et al. (2025).[55]
Theropod research
[edit]- A study on the shape and growth of snouts and beaks of extinct theropods and extant birds, providing evidence of a conserved growth pattern of the rostrum throughout the evolutionary history of theropods, is published by Garland et al. (2025).[56]
- Marques et al. (2025) compare the performance of different machine learning models used for identification of isolated theropod teeth.[57]
- Piñuela et al. (2025) report the discovery of a theropod footprint preserved with a detached sandstone undertrack from the Upper Jurassic Lastres Formation (Spain), providing evidence of foot movement through the sediment and evidence of changes of footprint morphology at different levels of sediment depth, with some of the successive footprint outlines showing similarities to footprints of members of different dinosaur groups; the authors also reevaluate the type series of the ichnotaxon Iguanodontipus, and argue that some of the studied footprints might have been produced by a theropod.[58]
- Evidence from the study of theropod tracks from the Maastrichtian strata from the Torotoro National Park (Bolivia), indicating that the formation of tail traces associated with the studied trackways was related to walking kinematics of theropods in soft substrate, is presented by McLarty et al. (2025).[59]
- Indeterminate theropod phalanges with similarities to phalanges of digging mammals are described from the Turonian Bissekty Formation (Uzbekistan) by Averianov (2025).[60]
- A study on bone histology of Ceratosaurus, providing evidence of faster growth rate than in Late Cretaceous members of Ceratosauria, is published by Sombathy, O'Connor & D'Emic (2025).[61]
- A study on the body size evolution in Ceratosauria, providing evidence of a trend towards decreased body size in noasaurids and of constraints on the increase of body size in abelisaurids, is published by Seculi Pereyra, Pérez & Méndez (2025).[62]
- A study on the maxillary shape of abelisaurids and its relation to feeding ecology is published by Seculi Pereyra et al. (2025), who find evidence of morphological similarities between the maxillae of Spectrovenator and Late Cretaceous abelisaurids, interpreted as likely to be specialist hunters holding and killing prey with their jaws.[63]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of this species is published by Pradelli, Pol & Ezcurra (2025).[64]
- Theropod teeth identified as belonging to members of the groups Spinosauridae, Metriacanthosauridae, Allosauria and Tyrannosauroidea are described from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Khorat Group (Thailand) by Chowchuvech et al. (2025), who interpret the studied teeth as suggestive of a theropod faunal turnover during the Early Cretaceous.[65]
- Isasmendi et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of early-branching tetanurans and baryonychine spinosaurids from the Lower Cretaceous Golmayo Formation (Spain), including a large-bodied baryonychine from the Zorralbo I locality.[66]
- Evidence indicating that oxygen isotope composition in tooth dentine of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus can be used as a proxy for environmental reconstructions is presented by Liu et al. (2025), who record oxygen isotope variability in the dentine of the studied theropod, interpreted as likely reflecting seasonal environmental changes.[67]
- Kotevski et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Strzelecki Group and Eumeralla Formation (Australia), including the first carcharodontosaurian fossils from Australia, bones of large-bodied megaraptorids and a tibia of a member of Unenlagiinae.[68]
- Averianov et al. (2025) describe a maxilla of a member of the genus Ulughbegsaurus from the Cenomanian Khodzhakul Formation (Uzbekistan), and interpret its morphology as supporting the attribution of Ulughbegsaurus to the family Carcharodontosauridae.[69]
- Calvo et al. (2025) report the first discovery of the humerus of an adult specimen of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii from the Upper Cretaceous Portezuelo Formation (Argentina), and interpret its anatomy as indicating that M. namunhuaiquii and Gualicho shinyae were not closely related.[70]
- A study on the evolution of adaptations to cursoriality in the hindlimbs of theropod dinosaurs and on the origin of arctometatarsus in members of Coelurosauria is published by Kubo & Kobayashi (2025)[71]
- Voris et al. (2025) study changes of the endocranial morphology of Gorgosaurus libratus during its ontogeny, and report that endocasts of juvenile Gorgosaurus show better defined details of the brain morphology compared to mature specimens.[72]
- Scherer (2025) reeavulates evidence for anagenesis in tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurids, and recovers species belonging to the genus Daspletosaurus as forming an evolutionary grade within Tyrannosaurinae, but does not recover Daspletosaurus as a direct ancestor of Tyrannosaurini.[73]
- Warner-Cowgill et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of Daspletosaurus from the Judith River Formation (Montana, United States), report evidence of the presence of a combination of anatomical features unknown in other members of the genus, and interpret the anatomy of the specimen as weakening the case that D. wilsoni and D. torosus are distinct species.[74]
- Carr (2025) studies the impact of the commercial trade on the sample size of specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex, finds that the rate of discoveries of fossils of T. rex made by commercial companies is higher than that of public trusts, but also reports that commercially collected T. rex fossils mostly remain in private collections or stockrooms, and that there are more fossils of T. rex in private hands than in public trusts.[75]
- Meso et al. (2025) revise alvarezsaurid fossils from the Salitral Ojo de Agua locality (Allen Formation; Río Negro Province, Argentina) described by Salgado et al. (2009)[76] and an alvarezsaurid femur from the same locality originally described as an ornithopod femur by Coria, Cambiaso & Salgado (2007),[77] describe additional alvarezsaurid material from this locality, and interpret the studied fossils as likely bones of Bonapartenykus ultimus, providing new information on the body plan of members of Patagonykinae.[78]
- A study on pneumatic structures in the vertebrae of cf. Bonapartenykus ultimus from the Allen Formation is published by Windholz et al. (2025).[79]
- Evidence indicating that digit loss and reduction of the rest of the forelimb in members of Oviraptorosauria were independent changes resulting from different evolutionary processes is presented by Mead, Funston & Brusatte (2025).[80]
- Zhu et al. (2025) report the discovery of clutch of elongatoolithid eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation (China), possibly produced by Yulong mini.[81]
- Foster, Norell & Balanoff (2025) describe two new specimens of Conchoraptor gracilis from the Baruungoyot Formation (Mongolia), present an updated diagnosis for Conchoraptor and differentiate C. gracilis from both Heyuannia yanshini and Khaan mckennai.[82]
- New information on the structure and number of hindwing feathers in Microraptor is presented by Chotard et al. (2025), who report the first evidence of asymmetry of long metatarsal covert feathers in Microraptor, and report evidence of a configuration of feather layers in the hindwing of the studied taxon.[83]
- Garros et al. (2025) study the histology of troodontid metatarsal bones from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), reporting evidence of pathologies in the studied fossil sample, and providing evidence of at least two different growth trajectories in the studied troodontids.[84]
- Yun (2025) studies mandibular strength properties of troodontids, and interprets his findings as indicating that the anterior part of the snout might have been used for handling and grasping food items.[85]
Sauropodomorph research
[edit]- Peyre de Fabrègues et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of Leyesaurus marayensis from the Balde de Leyes Formation (Argentina) and revise the anatomy of the holotype specimen of this species, identifying the holotype as a likely juvenile specimen.[86]
- Toefy, Krupandan & Chinsamy (2025) study the bone histology of two sauropodiform specimens and one early sauropod from the Elliot Formation (South Africa), providing evidence that the three studied specimens underwent rapid growth but differed in the duration of uninterrupted growth, and argue that the change of growth dynamics throughout the evolutionary history of sauropodomorphs was more complex than a simple progression from slow, interrupted growth to fast, uinterrupted growth.[87]
- Partial skull of an early member of Sauropodiformes, with long, sauropod-like teeth, is described from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation (China) by Sundgren et al. (2025).[88]
- Description of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of Bagualia alba is published by Gomez et al. (2025), who also study morphological diversity of sauropodomorphs throughout their evolutionary history, and report evidence of shifts in morphospace occupation during the Jurassic related to the diversification of early sauropods and extinction of other sauropodomorphs, as well as to subsequent diversification of Neosauropoda.[89]
- Kaikaew, Suteethorn & Chinsamy (2025) describe a pathologic mamenchisaurid ulna from the Phu Kradung Formation (Thailand), and diagnose the studied specimen as affected by an osteogenic tumor.[90]
- Saleiro & Tschopp (2025) describe a previously unstudied collection of sauropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic strata in Portugal, identified as belonging to members of Turiasauria, Flagellicaudata, Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes.[91]
- A revision of the known material assigned to the genus Haplocanthosaurus is published by Boisvert et al. (2025).[92]
- A study on the morphology of teeth, their replacement process and possible feeding ecology of Bajadasaurus pronuspinax is published by Garderes (2025).[93]
- Lerzo & Gallina (2025) redescribe the left ilium of Cathartesaura anaerobica, and interpret its anatomy as consistent with the invasion of the space within the ilium by parts of the abdominal air sac that provided resistance to the thin ilium.[94]
- Redescription of Liaoningotitan sinensis is published by Shan (2025).[95]
- Large fusioolithid eggs with thin eggshells, produced by titanosaurs, are described from the Upper Cretaceous Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Spain) by Sanguino et al. (2025), who name a new ootaxon Litosoolithus poyosi.[96]
- Fossil material of lithostrotian titanosaurs assigned to two morphotypes, including caudal vertebrae preserved with rare pathological features, is described from the Upper Cretaceous Cambambe Basin (Brazil) by Lacerda et al. (2025).[97]
- A study on the histology of the caudal vertebrae of Rocasaurus muniozi is published by Fernández, Windholz & Zurriaguz (2025), who find fibres that might be histological correlates for skeletal pneumaticity to be present but uncommon in the studied bones.[98]
- A study on the anatomy of the atlas and axis of Neuquensaurus australis is published by Zurriaguz et al. (2025).[99]
Ornithischian research
[edit]- Romilio et al. (2025) describe new ornithischian footprints from the Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone (Queensland, Australia), and reaffirm the prevalence of ornithischian footprints across the Early Jurassic dinosaur tracksites from Australia.[100]
- Barrett & Maidment (2025) revise the type material of Nanosaurus agilis, N. rex, Laosaurus celer, L. gracilis, L. consors and Drinker nisti, interpret these taxa as nomina dubia, and report the presence of dental and skull features in the fossil material of Drinker which were also present in pachycephalosaurs.[101]
Thyreophoran research
[edit]- Rivera-Sylva et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of members of Ankylosauria from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Coahuila (Mexico), including fossils from the Maastrichtian Cañon del Tule Formation representing the youngest records of the group from Mexico reported to date.[102]
- Álvarez Nogueira et al. (2025) report fragmentary remains of a possible parankylosaurian from the Allen Formation (Argentina), likely representing a taxon distinct from the coeval Patagopelta.[103]
- Arbour et al. (2025) describe tracks produced by ankylosaurids from the Cenomanian Kaskapau Formation and Dunvegan Formation (British Columbia and Alberta, Canada), interpreted as evidence of the presence of ankylosaurids in North America prior to the Campanian and their coexistence with non-ankylosaurid ankylosaurs during the mid-Cretaceous, and name a new ichnotaxon Ruopodosaurus clava.[104]
Cerapod research
[edit]- Maidment et al. (2025) describe a fragmentary femur from the Middle Jurassic El Mers III Formation (Morocco) representing the oldest known fossil of a cerapodan dinosaur.[105]
- A partial skeleton of a possible cerapodan dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Kilmaluag Formation (United Kingdom) is described by Panciroli et al. (2025), representing the most complete non-avian dinosaur fossil found from Scotland to date.[106]
- A study on the bone histology of Notohypsilophodon comodorensis and Sektensaurus sanjuanboscoi, as well as on the evolution on elasmarians and on their environment, is published by Ibiricu et al. (2025).[107]
- Maíllo et al. (2025) study bone histology of a partial skeleton of a subadult ornithopod individual from the Cretaceous Maestrazgo Basin (Spain), providing evidence of variability of histology of bone elements used for studies of the skeletochronology of ornithopod specimens, depending on the studied taxon.[108]
- Description of a well-preserved skull of a juvenile specimen of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Bertozzo et al. (2025).[109]
- Guillermo-Ochoa et al. (2025) describe a track of a small ornithopod from the Albian-Turonian Arcurquina Formation (Peru), likely produced during an underwater locomotion.[110]
- Devereaux et al. (2025) describe the cranial endocast of Fostoria dhimbangunmal.[111]
- Fossil material of a previously unrecognized, large-sized, early-diverging member of Ankylopollexia is described from the Upper Jurassic beds of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) by Rotatori et al. (2025).[112]
- A hadrosauroid humerus representing the oldest record of a member of the group from the Transylvanian Basin reported to date is described from the Campanian Sebeș Formation (Romania) by Ebner et al. (2025).[113]
- Partial skeleton of a hadrosaurid interpreted as the first member of the tribe Lambeosaurini reported from the Upper Cretaceous strata from South China is described from the Dalangshan Formation by Wang et al. (2025)[114]
- Wroblewski (2025) describes fossil material of Stygimoloch spinifer from the Maastrichtian Ferris Formation (Wyoming, United States), representing the southernmost record of the species reported to date.[115]
- Mallon et al. (2025) report that fossil material of only one species of Triceratops (T. prorsus) was found in the lower Scollard Formation (Alberta, Canada) and Frenchman Formation (Saskatchewan, Canada), contemporaneous with the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation that also contains fossil material of T. prorsus, and interpret the fossil record of Triceratops as consistent with anagenetic relationship between the Triceratops horridus and T. prorsus.[116]
- Enriquez et al. (2025) compare scale growth in Chasmosaurus belli, Prosaurolophus maximus and extant reptiles, and find that scale shapes were mostly retained through growth in the studied taxa.[117]
Birds
[edit]New bird taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Pavia et al. |
A swift, a species of Apus |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
De Pietri et al. |
A member of the family Laridae. The type species is A. bakeri. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
An early avialan bearing a pygostyle. The type species is B. zhenghensis. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bocheński et al. |
A duck. The type species is G. happi. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Agnolín et al. |
Miocene |
A grebe. Genus includes new species H. huayanen. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
De Pietri et al. |
Miocene |
Bannockburn Formation |
A member of the family Laridae. The type species is M. rectirostrum. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
O'Connor et al. |
A enantiornithean. The type species is N. pubisculata. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Agnolín et al. |
Miocene |
Las Flores Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mayr & Kitchener |
A member of the family Lithornithidae; a species of Pseudocrypturus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mayr & Kitchener |
Eocene (Ypresian) |
London Clay |
A member of the family Lithornithidae; a species of Pseudocrypturus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
A euornithean in the family Gansuidae. The type species is S. angelai. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Agnolín et al. |
Miocene |
Las Flores Formation |
A duck belonging to the subfamily Tadorninae. Genus includes new species Z. hebe. |
Avian research
[edit]- Review of the Mesozoic fossil record of avian soft tissue traces is published by O'Connor (2025).[126]
- A study on the evolution of the ability of birds to move parts of the skull independently is published by Wilken et al. (2025), who link the appearance of this ability to changes of skeletal anatomy and musculature related to the expansion of neurocranium.[127]
- New specimen of Archaeopteryx, representing the third specimen belonging to this genus found in the Tithonian Mörnsheim Formation (Germany), is described by Foth et al. (2025).[128]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Iberomesornis romerali is published by Castro-Terol et al. (2025).[129]
- A study on the bone histology of Avimaia schweitzerae, Novavis pubisculata and Qiliania graffini is published by Atterholt, O'Connor & You (2025).[130]
- A bird trackway with similarities to tracks produced by herons is described from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation (British Columbia, Canada) by Lockley, Plint & Helm (2025).[131]
- Evidence from the study of moa coprolites, indicating that moa ate and likely spread truffle-like fungi that are endemic to New Zealand, is presented by Boast et al. (2025).[132]
- Thomas et al. (2025) describe a probable moa trackway from the Pleistocene Karioitahi Group (New Zealand), and name a new ichnotaxon Tapuwaemoa manunutahi.[133]
- Torres et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new, nearly complete skull of Vegavis iaai, interpret its morphology as supporting phylogenetic affinities of Vegavis with Anseriformes, and report evidence of the presence of a feeding apparatus different from those of extant members of Anseriformes but similar to those of extant birds that capture prey underwater.[134]
- Zonneveld, Naone & Britt (2025) describe foraging traces produced by waterbirds (possibly by Presbyornis pervetus) from the Eocene Green River Formation (Utah, United States), and name new ichnotaxa Erevnoichnus blochis, E. strimmena, Ravdosichnus guntheri and Aptosichnus diatarachi.[135]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire is published by Parish (2025).[136]
- Evidence from the fossil material of great bustards from the Taforalt cave site (Morocco), indicating that great bustards were breeding in the studied area (300 km east of the range of extant great bustards in Morocco) during the Late Pleistocene and that they were exploited by people who occupied the site, is presented by Cooper et al. (2025).[137]
- The oldest plotopterid skull reported to date is described from the Eocene Lincoln Creek Formation (Washington, United States) by Mayr, Goedert & Richter (2025), who interpret the anatomy of the studied specimen as supporting the affinities of plotopterids with Suloidea.[138]
- The first Cenozoic ignotornid footprints from South America reported to date, interpreted as most likely produced by an ibis, are described from the Miocene Vinchina Formation (Argentina) by Farina, Krapovickas & Marsicano (2025), who name a new ichnotaxon Gragliavipes gavenskii and review the Cretaceous and Cenozoic avian ichnofamilies.[139]
- Fossil plumage of a griffon vulture preserved in three dimensions is described from the Pleistocene strata of the Colli Albani volcanic complex (Italy) by Rossi et al. (2025).[140]
- A study on the bone histology of Brontornis burmeisteri and Patagornis marshi is published by Garcia Marsà et al. (2025).[141]
- Agnolin, Chafrat & Álvarez-Herrera (2025) describe new fossil material of Patagorhacos terrificus from the Miocene Chichinales Formation (Argentina), interpreted as supporting placement of the species within Phorusrhacidae.[142]
- Horváth (2025) describes new fossil material of birds from the Miocene and Pliocene sites in Hungary, including 10 taxa new to the Hungarian Neogene avifauna.[143]
- Marqueta et al. (2025) describe bird assemblages from the Pleistocene levels of the Galls Carboners and Cudó caves (Spain), reporting evidence of presence of the pine grosbeak or a similar bird, which is no longer present in the study area.[144]
- Syverson & Prothero (2025) study changes of the size or robustness of birds from the La Brea Tar Pits, and find evidence of previously undetected changes in the studied taxa, but report no evidence of a clear relationship between those changes and changes in temperature.[145]
- Hering et al. (2025) describe subfossil bird burrows from the Tibesti Mountains (Chad), interpreted as possible nesting structures of birds such as bee-eaters, swallows or kingfishers living in the area during the African humid period.[146]
Pterosaurs
[edit]New pterosaur taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Jurassic |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Manitkoon et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of the family Ctenochasmatidae belonging to the subfamily Gnathosaurinae. The type species is G. buffetauti. |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Thomas et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of the family Azhdarchidae. The type species is I. hastacollis. |
| ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Zhou et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of the family Azhdarchidae. The type species is N. mifunensis. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
| |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Averianov |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of Ornithocheirae belonging to the group Targaryendraconia. The type species is S. glickmani. |
.jpg)
|
Pterosaur research
[edit]- Evidence of higher laminarity rates of wing bones of pterosaurs compared to their hindlimb bones is presented by Araújo et al. (2025).[152]
- A study on the presence, volume, and capacity of the cervical musculature of pterosaurs is published by Buchmann & Rodrigues (2025), who interpret the reconstructed musculature as consistent with surface fishing foraging habits of Rhamphorhynchus muensteri and members of the genus Anhanguera, and with capture of small terrestrial prey by Azhdarcho lancicollis.[153]
- Purported pterosaur tracks reported from the Lower Cretaceous Patuxent Formation (Virginia, United States) by Weems & Bachman (2023)[154] are argued to be more likely results of erosion by McDavid & Thomas (2025).[155]
- Hone & McDavid (2025) describe the largest known specimen of Rhamphorhynchus muensteri (wingspan 1.8 metres (5.9 ft)) from the Solnhofen Limestone (Germany) and discuss its implications for anatomical transformations through ontogeny in the genus and other rhamphorhynchines.[156]
- Jagielska et al. (2025) describe the osteology of Dearc sgiathanach and reconstruct its cranial and antebrachial musculature.[157]
- Smyth et al. (2025) identify three pterosaur tracks morphotypes as produced by trackmakers belonging to the groups Ctenochasmatoidea, Dsungaripteridae and Neoazhdarchia, and interpret the distribution of pterosaur tracks as consistent with a mid-Mesozoic radiation of pterodactyloid pterosaurs into terrestrial niches.[158]
- Partial pterosaur humerus with similarities to the humerus of Cycnorhamphus suevicus is described from the Upper Jurassic strata in the Volga region (Russia) by Averianov & Lopatin (2025).[159]
- A ctenochasmatid mandible representing the first finding of a pterodactyloid pterosaur fossil from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Portland Limestone Formation (United Kingdom) is described by Smith & Martill (2025).[160]
- Bennett (2025) revises Gnathosaurus subulatus and interprets both "Pterodactylus" micronyx and Aurorazhdarcho primordius as junior synonyms of this species.[161]
- A study on tooth replacement in Forfexopterus is published by Zhou & Fan (2025).[162]
- Redescription and a study on the affinities of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus is published by Ezcurra et al. (2025).[163]
- Song et al. (2025) describe a pterosaur humerus from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuqin Formation (China), interpreted as the first record of a member of Ornithocheiromorpha from the Tugulu Group.[164]
Other archosaurs
[edit]Other new archosaur taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Müller |
Middle–Late Triassic (Ladinian–early Carnian) |
Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence |
A sulcimentisaurian member of the possibly paraphyletic family Silesauridae. The type species is G. paraisensis. Announced in 2024; the final article version was published in 2025. |
|
Other archosaur research
[edit]- Garcia & Müller (2025) revise the fossil record of probable pterosaur precursors from the Triassic strata of the Candelária Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Brazil) and study their phylogenetic affinities, recovering lagerpetids as an evolutionary grade ancestral to pterosaurs.[166]
General research
[edit]- Evidence from the study of bone pneumaticity in extant birds, indicating that studies of skeletal pneumaticity in extinct archosaurs that don't take soft tissues in the internal bone cavities into account might overestimate the volume fraction of pneumatic bones that was composed of air, is presented by Burton et al. (2025).[167]
- Xu & Barrett (2025) review the research on the evolutionary history of feathers from the preceding years.[168]
- Hedge et al. (2025) revise archosaur eggshells from the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah, United States), and identify remains of eggs produced by oviraptorosaur theropods, ornithopods and a crocodylomorph.[169]
- Brown et al. (2025) describe a cervical vertebra of a juvenile specimen of Cryodrakon boreas from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), preserved with a bite mark interpreted as likely produced by a crocodilian.[170]
References
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- ^ Viñola López, L. W.; Velez-Juarbe, J.; Münch, P.; Almonte Milan, J. N.; Antoine, P.-O.; Marivaux, L.; Jimenez-Vasquez, O.; Bloch, J. (2025). "A South American sebecid from the Miocene of Hispaniola documents the presence of apex predators in early West Indies ecosystems". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 292 (2045). 20242891. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2891. PMC 12040450. PMID 40300627.
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- ^ Lessner, E. J.; Petermann, H.; Lyson, T. R. (2025). "First record of Borealosuchus sternbergii from the lower Paleocene Denver Formation (lower Danian), Colorado (Denver Basin)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (3). e2434214. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2434214.
- ^ Walter, J. D.; Massonne, T.; Paiva, A. L. S.; Martin, J. E.; Delfino, M.; Rabi, M. (2025). "Expanded phylogeny elucidates Deinosuchus relationships, crocodylian osmoregulation and body-size evolution". Communications Biology. 8. 611. doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07653-4. PMC 12018936. PMID 40269118.
- ^ Hoffman, D. K.; Goldsmith, E. R.; Houssaye, A.; Maidment, S. C. R.; Felice, R. N.; Mannion, P. D. (2025). "Evolution of growth strategy in alligators and caimans informed by osteohistology of the late Eocene early-diverging alligatoroid crocodylian Diplocynodon hantoniensis". Journal of Anatomy. doi:10.1111/joa.14231. PMID 39924872.
- ^ Serrano-Martínez, A.; Luján, À. H.; García-Pérez, Á.; Fortuny, J. (2025). "New data on the inner skull cavities of Diplocynodon tormis (Crocodylia, Diplocynodontinae) from the Duero Basin (Iberian Peninsula, Spain)". Fossil Record. 28 (1): 67–77. doi:10.3897/fr.28.133743.
- ^ Pligersdorffer, C. C.; Burke, P. M. J.; Mannion, P. D. (2025). "Evaluation of the endocranial anatomy of the early Paleogene north African gavialoid crocodylian Argochampsa krebsi and evolutionary implications for adaptation to salinity tolerance in marine crocodyliforms". Journal of Anatomy. doi:10.1111/joa.14213. PMID 39814549.
- ^ El-Degwi, E. S.; AbdelGawad, M.; Radwaan, S. E.; Sliem, R. E.; Sileem, A.; Abd Elhady, S. I. (2025). "Evolutionary trend of the broad-snouted crocodile from the Eocene, Early Miocene and recent ones from Egypt". Scientific Reports. 15 (1). 9159. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91167-w. PMC 11914565. PMID 40097488.
- ^ Lovelace, David M; Kufner, Aaron M; Fitch, Adam J; Curry Rogers, Kristina; Schmitz, Mark; Schwartz, Darin M; LeClair-Diaz, Amanda; St.Clair, Lynette; Mann, Joshua; Teran, Reba (2025-01-01). "Rethinking dinosaur origins: oldest known equatorial dinosaur-bearing assemblage (mid-late Carnian Popo Agie FM, Wyoming, USA)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 203 (1): zlae153. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae153. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ Xi, Yao; Zhao, Qi; Ren, Tingcong; Wei, Guangbiao; Xu, Xing (2025-01-17). "New evidence for the earliest ornithischian dinosaurs from Asia". iScience. 28 (1). doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111641. PMC 11761276. PMID 39868031.
- ^ Agnolín, Federico L.; Motta, Matías J.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi; Aranciaga-Rolando, Mauro A.; Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo; Chimento, Nicolás R.; Rozadilla, Sebastian; Brissón-Egli, Federico; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Bogan, Sergio; Casadio, Silvio; Sterli, Juliana; Miquel, Sergio E.; Martínez, Sergio; Pérez, Leandro M.; Pol, Diego; Novas, Fernando E. (2025). "New fossiliferous locality from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) from northern Patagonia, with the description of a new titanosaur". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 26 (2): 217–259. doi:10.22179/REVMACN.26.885. ISSN 1853-0400.
- ^ Simón, M. E.; Salgado, L. (2025). "New rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Huincul Formation (upper Cenomanian-Turonian) of Villa El Chocón (Neuquén Province, Argentina)". Cretaceous Research. 106137. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106137.
- ^ Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar (2025-03-25). "Didactyl therizinosaur with a preserved keratinous claw from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia". iScience. 28 (4). 112141. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112141. ISSN 2589-0042.
- ^ Averianov, A. O.; Sues, H.-D. (2025). "A new ornithomimid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 44 (3). e2433759. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2433759.
- ^ Coria, R. A.; Cerda, A. A.; Escaso, F.; Baiano, M. A.; Bellardini, F.; Braun, A.; Coria, L. M.; Gutierrez, J. M.; Pino, D.; Windholz, G. J.; Currie, P. J.; Ortega, F. (2025). "First Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from Patagonia". Cretaceous Research. 166. 106027. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106027.
- ^ a b Qiu, Rui; Wang, Xiaolin; Jiang, Shunxing; Meng, Jin; Zhou, Zhonghe (2025-02-22). "Two new compsognathid-like theropods show diversified predation strategies in theropod dinosaurs". National Science Review. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaf068. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 11970238.
- ^ Serrano-Brañas, Claudia Inés; Espinosa-Chávez, Belinda; de León-Dávila, Claudio; Maccracken, S. Augusta; Barrera-Guevara, Daniela; Torres-Rodríguez, Esperanza; Prieto-Márquez, Albert (2025-01-28). "A long-handed new ornithomimid dinosaur from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico". Cretaceous Research. 169: 106087. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106087. ISSN 0195-6671.
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- ^ a b Díez Díaz, Verónica; Mannion, Philip D.; Csiki-Sava, Zoltán; Upchurch, Paul (20 February 2025). "Revision of Romanian sauropod dinosaurs reveals high titanosaur diversity and body-size disparity on the latest Cretaceous Haţeg Island, with implications for titanosaurian biogeography". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2441516.
- ^ Dai, Hui; Ma, Qingyu; Xiong, Can; Lin, Yu; Zeng, Hui; Tan, Chao; Wang, Jun; Zhang, Yuguang; Xing, Hai (February 2025). "A new late-diverging non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from southwest China: support for interchange of dinosaur faunas across East Asia during the Late Cretaceous". Cretaceous Research. 166: 105995. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105995. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ Kellermann, Maximilian; Cuesta, Elena; Rauhut, Oliver W. M. (2025-01-14). "Re-evaluation of the Bahariya Formation carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and its implications for allosauroid phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 20 (1): e0311096. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311096. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11731741. PMID 39808629.
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- ^ Zou, Yi; Chen, Li; Wang, Tao; Wang, Guo-Fu; Zhang, Wei-Gang; Zhang, Xiao-Qin; Wang, Zhen-Ji; Wu, Xiao-Chun; You, Hai-Lu (2025-04-02). "A new metriacanthosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan Province, China". PeerJ. 13: e19218. doi:10.7717/peerj.19218. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11971988.
- ^ Hao, M.; Li, Z.; Wang, Z.; Wang, S.; Ma, F.; Qinggele; King, J. L.; Pei, R.; Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (March 2025). "A new oviraptorosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Miaogou Formation of western Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 167. 106023. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106023.
- ^ Maidment, S.; Butler, R. J. (2025). "New frontiers in dinosaur exploration". Biology Letters. 21 (4). 20250045. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2025.0045. PMID 40304201.
- ^ Heath, J. A.; Cooper, N.; Upchurch, P.; Mannion, P. D. (2025). "Accounting for sampling heterogeneity suggests a low paleolatitude origin for dinosaurs". Current Biology. 35 (5): 941–953.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.12.053. PMID 39855204.
- ^ Falkingham, P. L. (2025). "Reconstructing dinosaur locomotion". Biology Letters. 21 (1). 20240441. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0441. PMC 11732409. PMID 39809325.
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- ^ Schweitzer, M. H.; Zheng, W.; Dickinson, E.; Scannella, J.; Hartstone-Rose, A.; Sjövall, P.; Lindgren, J. (2025). "Taphonomic variation in vascular remains from Mesozoic non-avian dinosaurs". Scientific Reports. 15 (1). 4359. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-85497-y. PMC 11799182. PMID 39910217.
- ^ Sharpe, H. S.; Wang, Y.; Dudgeon, T. W.; Powers, M. J.; Whitebone, S. A.; Coppock, C. C.; Dyer, A. D.; Sullivan, C. (2025). "Skull morphology and histology indicate the presence of an unexpected buccal soft tissue structure in dinosaurs". Journal of Anatomy. doi:10.1111/joa.14242. PMID 40114639.
- ^ Galton, P. M.; Regalado Fernández, O. R.; Farlow, J. O. (2025). "Bones of dinosaurs and other reptiles from the Triassic-Jurassic of the Connecticut Valley: Over 200 years of published history". Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève. 44 (2): 1–45.
- ^ Milàn, J.; Vallon, L. H. (2025). "Leave tracks, not bones – a diverse Middle Jurassic dinosaur fauna from Denmark, revealed only by tracks". Italian Journal of Geosciences. doi:10.3301/IJG.2025.07.
- ^ Deiques, D.; Barcelos-Silveira, A.; Dentzien-Dias, P.; Francischini, H. (2025). "Dinosaur tracks from the Guará Formation (Brazil) shed light on the biodiversity of a South American Late Jurassic humid desert". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 153. 105364. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105364.
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